PART 3: Law Enforcement Recommendations
CHAPTER 4

Victimization

RECOMMENDATION 86:
State, county and municipal governments should facilitate the development of public and private resources for persons who are currently involved in the production or consumption of pornography and wish to discontinue this involvement and for those who suffer mental and physical disabilities as a result of exposure or participation in the production of pornography.

As described later in Chapters 16 and 17, victims of pornography may suffer a variety of physical and mental damages. The victimization may include coercion, intimidation, negative effects of forced consumption, physical assault and sexual harassment.

Resources currently exist for victims of sexual abuse and other crimes through victim compensation programs, mental health and medical treatment programs. However, if no crime is reported, as is often the case with pornography, the damages cannot be compensated by victims of crime funds. Furthermore, if mental health or medical staff are not aware of the special nature of pornography victimization, treatment may not be effective in rehabilitating the victim. Those currently involved in the production or forced into consumption of pornography are not aware of alternatives available to them, and they may never believe they can escape the victimization.

Resources for victims of pornography should include:

(A) emergency "safe houses" where persons needing short-term refuge from production or forced consumption of pornography, (B) financial assistance for persons damaged by pornography who do not qualify for public assistance or victims of crimes funds, (C) development of public information materials to assist persons escape victimization through awareness of alternatives, (D) provision of job training and educational opportunities to those who have been denied such opportunities because of financial losses, physical or mental damages incurred through production or forced consumption of pornography, (E) provision of specialized training for counselors and therapists to sensitize them to a special nature of pornography and related sexual victimization.

This training should include particular recognition of the correlated problems of substance abuse, and the allocation of resources to study short- and long-term effects of pornography on those who participate in its production and those who are forcibly exposed to it.

APPENDIX A

The following questionnaire now used in New York and other major cities may serve as an example of the pes of issues to be discussed.

"Pornography," as referred to in the question below, includes "men's entertainment" magazines such Playboy, Penthouse, and Hustler, as well as hard-core publications showing explicit sex between men and women, between two women, between two men, and between adults and children. Such publications may show women or children tied up or hurt, women or children being penetrated by penises, fists, objects, and women or children having sex with animals. "Pornography" also includes books, films, cable television programs, and video tapes showing these scenarios.

IF THE ASSAILANT LIVED WITH OR WAS KNOWN TO THE VICTIM

1. Did/do you live with the man who assaulted you?
2. If so, what was/is your relationship?
3. If not, how do you know him?
4. Did/does your assailant use or collect pornography?
5. If so, what kind?
6. Do you know the specific names or titles of the magazines, films, programs or video tapes? If so, what are they?
7. Did/does he use pornography for masturbation?
8. Did/does he use it to get aroused before sexual relations?
9. Did he ever ask you to view pornography with him?
10. Did he ever pressure you to view pornography with him?
11. Did he ever force you to view pornography with him?
12. Was pornography used as part of your normal sexual encounters?
13. If so, how was it used?
14. Did he ever ask you to act out scenes from pornography?
15. Did he ever pressure you to act out scenes from pornography?
16. Did he ever force you to act out scenes from pornography?
17. Did he ever mention pornography in your sexual encounters?
18. Did he ever ask you to pose for nude or pornographic photos or films?
19. Did he ever pressure you to pose for nude or pornographic photos or films? 20. Did he ever force you to pose for nude or pornographic photos or films?
20. Did he ever send nude photographs of you to a magazine or "wife-swapping" club newsletter?
21. Did he ever show nude photographs of you to his friends?
22. Did he ever sell nude photographs of you?
23. Did he refer to pornography when he assaulted you? For example, did he say anything like, "This is what women ask for in the magazines I read," or "This is what the woman did in the movie, and she loved it?"
24. During the assault, did he force you to act out scenes from pornography?
25. Did he, or anyone involved in the assault, take nude or pornographic pictures of you before, during, or after the assault?
26. Did he show you pornographic pictures or films prior to, or after the assault?
27. Did/does he use pornography to learn or teach you sexual techniques? To teach you how to dress in a way that turns him on? To learn how to tie you up?
28. Does he use pornography to justify sex acts that you don't want to participate in? For example, does he show you pictures and say, "A lot of couples do this," or "Look how much she likes doing it:"
29. Did/does he use "dial-a-porn" services? Frequent X-rated movie theatres? Frequent establishments that have live sex shows and X-rated film loops or topless and/or bottomless bars and clubs?
30. If so, has he ever asked, pressured, or forced you to attend these establishments with him?
31. Did/does he go to massage parlors, use "escort services," or use prostitutes?

IF THE VICTIM DID NOT KNOW HER ASSAILANT(S)

1. Did your assailant refer to pornography when he assaulted you? For example, did he say anything like, "This is what women ask for in the movie, and she loved it?"
2. Did the assailant show you pornography or use pornography during the assault? If so, what kind?
3. Did the assailants(s) take pictures or films of you during the assault?
4. During the assault were you forced to act out scenes that were from pornography described or displayed by the assailant?
5. Did your assault take place in an area in which there are a lot of pornographic establishments, such as X-rated movie theatres, bookstores, etc."
6. Was there pornography in the place in which you were assaulted?

QUESTIONS FOR WOMEN, GIRLS, AND BOYS WHO HAVE BEEN USED IN PORNOGRAPHY

1. Were you a runaway? If so, when did you leave home?
2. Had you been sexually abused before you left home? If so, by whom? How? How old were you when the abuse took place? How old was the person who abused you? Was that person a family member or friend?
3. If you were abused before you left home, was pornography part of the abuse? How was it used?
4. Were you involved in prostitution? Did you have a pimp? Was there an older man who told you what to do, made you have sex for money, and collected the money afterwards?
5. How did you first become involved in pornography? What were the circumstances of your life? How old were you?
6. What kind of pornography were you used in?
7. Were you forced into the making of pornography by:

    a. Threats?       d. Trickery?
    b. Violence?      e. Pressure by a relative,
    c. Poverty?          friend, or lover?

Explain.




8. Were you shown magazines such as Playboy, Penthouse, Hustler, Screw, or others or were you shown films to convince you to pose for pornography?
9. Do you know other people who have been forced or pressured into posing for pornography?
10. Were you ever beaten, whipped, spanked, or physically hurt in the making of pornography? Were you ever tied up? Did you have to act out violent scenes? Was the sex physically painful?
11. Do you know people who were physically hurt in the making of pornography?
12. Do you know who produced or profited from the pornography you were used in? Do you know if they were involved in organized crime?
13. Do you know about or have you heard about people being murdered in the making of pornography?
14. Were you in prostitution while you were being used to make pornography? Were other women, girls, or boys you know in pornography also in prostitution?
15. How has your experience in pornography affected how you feel about yourself? How has it affected your relationships with others? Your schooling and/or job performance?
16. Do you ever have flashbacks or nightmares about your experience in pornography?
17. Do you suffer from phobias?
18. How do you feel now when you see pornography?
19. Have you had upsetting experiences with pornography outside your experiences in the sex industry?
20. What would you like to see done to help women, girls or boys who have been used/abused in pornography?
21. Would you like to be able to take legal action against the people who abused you? Would you like to be able to sue them? Would you like to be able to stop the pornography used against you from being shown?

QUESTIONS ABOUT SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND PORNOGRAPHY

1. Victims of sexual harassment through pornography in public places
   1. Is pornography displayed in public places in your community?
   2. If so, where is it and what kinds of materials?
   3. How does this material make you feel about yourself? How does it make you feel about your relationships with others?
   4. Have any people you know been upset by pornographic materials they've seen?
   5. Have you ever been sexually harassed by men in pornography districts, in front of pornography theaters or bookstores, in front of the pornography sections of newsstand, grocery store, or drugstore?
   6. If so, how did this make you feel?
   7. Does the pervasiveness of pornography upset you or frighten you?
   8. Does pornography make you frightened to perform your daily activities such as traveling to and from your job?
   9. Have you every been sexually harassed by men who referred to pornography or made comments to you that seemed to come from pornography?

2. Victims of sexual harassment involving pornography on the job
   1. Is pornography displayed or used at your place of employment?
   2. If so, what kind? Where do you see it? Who uses it?
   3. Have you ever been sexually harassed on the job? If so, was pornography involved in harassment, i.e., did your boss, co-worker, or customer show you pornography, display pornography, or make verbal references to pornography?
   4. Have your co-workers, bosses, or customers ever compared you to models in pornography?
   5. How has the presence or use of pornography in your place of work made you feel about yourself and your ability to perform your job?
   6. Have you ever complained to anyone about sexual harassment on the job involving pornography? If so, to whom? If not, why not?
   7. Were any steps taken about the harassment?
   8. Have you ever been forced to leave your job or have you ever considered leaving your job because of sexual harassment involving or related to pornography?
   9. Do you think that pornography has contributed to the way your boss, co-workers, or employers view you and relate to you?

3. Victims of sexual harassment through pornography in schools and other institutions
   1. Is pornography displayed or used in your school?
   2. If so, what kind? Where do you see it? Who uses it?
   3. Has pornography ever been used in your classroom, i.e., in a course on human sexuality? Have any of your teachers or professors ever used pornographic slides or made references to pornography?
   4. Have you ever complained about the presence or use of pornography at your school? If so, to whom? Was any action taken? If not, why not?
   5. Have your teachers or fellow students ever used pornography to sexually harass you? Have they ever made verbal references to pornography that have made you feel uncomfortable?
   6. Have you ever had pornography imposed on you in social situations at school, such as in fraternity parties or during fraternity or sorority initiations?

4. Victims of sexual harassment through pornography at home
   1. Is there pornography in your home?
   2. Do any of your relatives or friends use pornography or make verbal references to it?
   3. If so, how does it make you feel?
   4. Have you ever attempted to remove the pornography from your home? Were you successful?
   5. Do your children see or know about pornography that is kept in your home? If so, has it influenced the way they think about women and sexuality?